Although world agencies have made numerous efforts to stop malnutrition, the number of undernourished people has actually increases in majority of developing countries.
Malnutrition is usually triggered by a combination of two factors, namely: an insufficient intake of proteins, calories, vitamins, and minerals, and frequent infections. Such illness like respiratory diseases or diarrhoea tax the body heavily and cause lose of nutrients. They reduce appetite and food intake, thus contributing to malnutrition. A undernourished child is more susceptible to illnesses. Thus a vicious circle is formed that increases the mortality rates for protein-energy malnutrition. The little ones are at great risk of suffering malnutrition because they are in a period of rapid growth that increases the demand for calories and proteins.
Malnutrition has far-reaching effects. First, it wracks havoc on the body, particularly that of a child. Every organ and system - including the heart, kidneys, stomach, intestines, lungs and brain maybe affected. Various studies have shown that poor growth in a child is closely associated with impaired metal development and poor scholastic and intellectual performance. Secondly, for kids who survive malnutrition, the aftermath can linger on into adulthood. Recent research relates undernourishment in infancy to a tendency towards such chronic illnesses in adulthood as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
How can kids then be best nourished?
It is essential to improve their diet. They need to consume the right proportion if vitamins and minerals, including proper percentage of protein and carbohydrate. Protein in particular helps in growth, while vitamins can serve as an antibodies that protect the child from infections.
Parents, most especially mother's, should focus on providing the child with good quality food, possible variety of foods in different combinations with nutrients. Never force a child to eat after it is full nor withdraw food when he/she appears to want more.
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